What is Semax and how does it work for cognitive enhancement?

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide analog of ACTH(4-10) originally developed in Russia for treating stroke and cognitive decline. Research indicates it may enhance cognition through multiple mechanisms including increasing Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels, modulating dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitter systems, and potentially interacting with melanocortin receptors. Animal and limited human studies have shown improvements in attention, memory, and neuroplasticity, though it remains unapproved by the FDA in the United States.